Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day

Before it was decreed Québec’s national holiday, Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day was a pagan feast, then a religious holiday, and, finally, a patriotic celebration, at least in Québec. Celebrated on June 24 th , Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day is associated with the summer solstice, the longest day of the year, which normally falls on June 21 st or 22 nd . This date also marks the start of summer. For those who live off the land and whose work is determined by the seasons, Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day offers a short break and a bit of entertainment before haymaking and harvesting begin.

Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day, a Political Holiday

French-Canadian nationalist spirit arose during the 19 th century and Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day took on a political dimension. On February 26 th 1908, at the Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste’s request, Pope Pius X proclaimed St. John the Baptist the patron saint of French Canadians. In 1977, Prime Minister René Lévesque institutionalized Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day to make it Québec’s national holiday.

The following year, the Government of Québec created the National Holiday Organizing Committee to encourage all of the province’s regions to participate in the festivities. Nowadays, Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day is accepted as the national holiday, and especially celebrated on the evening of June 23 rd on the Plains of Abraham in Québec City.

In 1975, Gilles Vigneault sang Gens du pays (literally People of Our Country) and Ginette Reno performed with Jean-Pierre Ferland Un peu plus haut, un peu plus loin (meaning A Bit Higher, A Bit Further). Enthusiasm for the festivities reached a peak in 1976 with a concert on the Plains of Abraham featuring singers Vigneault, Léveillée, Deschamps, Charlebois, and Ferland. This great show, presented again in Montréal two days later, is remembered under the title “1 fois 5” (1 time 5).

Activities Surrounding Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day

In 1925, Québec’s Legislature declared June 24 th a statutory holiday. From 1920 to 1960, Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day celebrations remained much the same. After attending Mass in the morning, parishioners marched along the streets lined with pine trees and adorned with banners and flags. In the afternoon, there were speeches, picnics, lawn games and boat rides. The party continued with outdoor concerts that accompany the day’s most important custom: the bonfire.

In the 1950s, block parties multiplied in Montréal, where people danced to the sounds of traditional music. Nowadays, Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day has lost some of its political significance because of the decentralization of celebrations and of the numerous familial and multi-ethnic neighbourhood parties. However, games, picnics, outdoor shows, fireworks, and bonfires are still very popular.

National Holiday Parade, 2009

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Download video: MP4 , (42,44 MB ), WebM , (43,20 MB ), Ogg (42,82 MB ) (3 minutes 13 seconds)

Video narration of the Québec National Holiday Parade in 2009 presented by a man and a woman.

Source: Québec National Holiday. Directed by: Luc Sirois, June 2009

  • Young women dancing around a bonfire under the moonlight. Several other fires are lit in the background.
  • People walking in the streets of Montréal during Québec's annual Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day parade.
  • A parade float where a couple stands in front of a small house. Spectators are standing in the streets along the parade route.
  • Drawing of St. John the Baptist with a sheep at his feet, and in the background, the Québec Carillon-Sacré-Cœur flag.